By Charlotte Dormon, health writer

After the BBC Panorama investigation, The Truth About Forever Chemicals, PFAS; a large family of synthetic compounds used for water-resistance, non-stick performance and stain-proofing, became headline news. But behind the headlines is a much bigger conversation, one that some of the world’s leading health experts have been raising for years.

Forever Chemicals, also referred to as PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), are now found in our water, soil, food packaging, beauty products, home furnishings, clothing, and even inside the human body. Their persistence and widespread use mean these chemicals accumulate over time, raising growing concerns about long-term health, particularly for hormone function.

As we learn more about PFAS, health experts are urging the public to take simple, meaningful steps to minimise exposure, especially in the products we put directly on our skin, wear daily and use around the home.

What PFAS Are And Why They Are A Health Problem 

PFAS refer to a large group of synthetic chemicals developed in the 1950s to make products water-repellent, heat-resistant and non-stick. They do not easily break down in the environment and have been detected in rivers, household dust, tap water, wildlife and human blood.

Growing scientific evidence links exposure to various PFAS compounds with subtle but measurable effects on hormone systems, particularly thyroid hormones, reproductive hormones and metabolic signalling.

Dr Naomi Newman-Beinart, Nutritionist and Health Researcher, explains:

“Multiple studies now show that PFAS can interfere with hormone regulation, including thyroid hormones, oestrogen and testosterone, in ways that may influence everything from mood and metabolism to menstrual cycles and fertility. These effects are often subtle but consistent, and that’s why experts are paying closer attention.”

Although PFAS are an issue for everyone, concerns are particularly challenging for women because of the sensitivity of female hormonal pathways, especially during pregnancy, perimenopause and menopause.

Dr Naomi adds:

“PFAS don’t just affect one part of the endocrine system; research suggests they can influence thyroid, reproductive and metabolic hormones simultaneously. This cumulative effect helps explain why exposure is being studied in relation to fertility, irregular cycles, thyroid imbalance and metabolic changes. Unfortunately, PFAS can so easily sneak into our daily routine through the makeup and clothing we wear and the products we use, without us realising. The value of becoming more conscious consumers when it comes to reducing these chemicals to support our health is, in my opinion, of great importance”.

Where PFAS Are Commonly Found (and Why It Matters)

Understanding the most common exposure routes will help you make more informed decisions and prioritise swaps that minimise your PFAS exposure.

1. Activewear & Outdoor Clothing

PFAS are widely used to make leggings, sports bras, and outdoor garments water- and stain-resistant, or “performance grade.” This matters because:

• These garments sit directly on the skin, often for hours.
  
• Sweat and friction may increase the likelihood of chemical transfer from fabric.
  
• Leggings and sports bras often cover areas with higher absorption rates.
  

Choosing PFAS-free activewear is a valuable first step to change, especially when you wear items to work out and sweat in. Brands like Seissense and BAM both offer PFAS-free activewear for women and men, including swimwear, leggings, socks, bras, and outdoor basics, making them ideal high-quality options for gym workouts, running, and everyday activewear.

2. Cookware & Non-Stick Pans

Traditional non-stick coatings (including some PTFE-based pans) can contain PFAS. When overheated or scratched, these coatings may degrade and release particles into the air or migrate into food. Not only do these last longer, but they also avoid hidden chemical exposure during mealtimes.

Safer alternatives include:

• stainless steel
  
• cast iron
  
• carbon steel
  
• ceramic-coated cookware

3. Beauty & Long-Wear Makeup

Some long-wear, waterproof and smudge-proof cosmetic formulas use PFAS to create a smooth, durable finish. Because these products are applied around the eyes and lips, areas of high absorption, they are essential items to consider switching. These can be found in:

• primers
  
• foundations
  
• waterproof mascaras
  
• liquid lipsticks
  

When seeking safer alternatives, explore PFAS-conscious retailers such as Planet Organic and Content Beauty, which offer natural and organic brands with transparent ingredient lists.

4. Home Textiles & Upholstery

Stain-resistant sofas, carpets and soft furnishings are often treated with fluorinated coatings. Over time, these chemicals can end up in household dust, a major exposure route, especially in homes with children or pets.

Opting for untreated fabrics, natural materials or brands that explicitly avoid PFAS is a simple way to reduce indoor exposure.

5. Water (One of the Most Overlooked Exposure Routes)

Because PFAS do not break down easily, they can accumulate in groundwater and, ultimately, tap water. Some areas have been found to exceed the levels many experts consider safe.

Using a high-quality water filter certified to reduce PFAS is one of the most effective steps you can take, especially if you primarily drink tap water.

6. General Fashion & Everyday Clothing

Outside of activewear, many garments marketed as “crease-resistant,” “stain-proof”, or “water-repellent” may use PFAS-based treatments.

Where possible, choose:

• natural fibres like wool, cotton, linen or bamboo
  
• garments without performance coatings
  
• brands are transparent about chemical-free finishes
  

This will help reduce the amount of PFAS that touches your skin daily.

Stay Savvy, Not Stressed

YES, Forever chemicals are literally everywhere — but you are not powerless. The aim isn’t to live in fear or overhaul your entire life overnight, as that would create a lot of stress. Just becoming more aware of where these chemicals appear will help you make more informed choices. Over time, those small, consistent swaps — from the clothes you wear to the way you cook and the water you drink — can significantly lower your overall exposure. As research continues to evolve, being PFAS-savvy in your home is one of the most valuable steps you can take for your wellbeing.

Seven Ways to Reduce PFAS Exposure Daily 

These small steps create meaningful long-term protection.

1. Filter your tap water
   Look for filters that have been independently tested for PFAS reduction. This is one of the most impactful household changes.
   
2. Switch to PFAS-free activewear
   Especially leggings, sports bras and outdoor basics.
   Brands like Seissense and BAM provide clean, high-performance options.
   
3. Choose safer cookware
   Upgrade from old non-stick pans to stainless steel, cast iron or ceramic.
   
4. Clean household dust regularly
   PFAS can accumulate in dust. Use a vacuum with a HEPA filter and dust with a damp cloth.
   
5. Clean up your beauty routine
   Avoid “waterproof,” “long-wear”, or “smudge-proof” claims unless the brand confirms PFAS-free status.
   Explore PFAS-conscious retailers such as Content Beauty and Planet Organic.
   
6. Be cautious with stain-resistant or waterproof clothing and furnishings.
   Opt for untreated fabrics and natural fibres where possible.
7. Read labels and ask questions?  Brands are becoming more transparent. Look for terms like “PFAS-free,” “PFC-free,” or “fluorocarbon-free.”